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- $Unique_ID{BRK04028}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Myelitis}
- $Subject{Myelitis Myelopathy Acute Transverse Myelitis Ascending Myelitis
- Brown-Sequard Syndrome Concussion Myelitis Foix-Alajouanine Myelitis (Subacute
- Necrotizing Myelitis) Funicular Myelitis Systemic Myelitis Transverse Myelitis
- Spinal Stenosis Cervical Spondylosis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 462:
- Myelitis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Myelitis) is not the name
- you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to find
- alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Myelopathy
-
- DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS
-
- Acute Transverse Myelitis
- Ascending Myelitis
- Brown-Sequard Syndrome
- Concussion Myelitis
- Foix-Alajouanine Myelitis (Subacute Necrotizing Myelitis)
- Funicular Myelitis
- Systemic Myelitis
- Transverse Myelitis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Spinal Stenosis
- Cervical Spondylosis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Myelitis is a disorder of the spine marked by inflammation of the spinal
- cord. When inflammation is very limited, the condition may be called a
- "myelopathy". Injury to the spine, benign tissue growths, or blood vessel
- abnormalities may also cause this disorder. Major symptoms may initially
- include pain, followed by gradual paralysis and/or other central nervous
- system disturbances.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Myelitis is characterized by inflammation of segments of the spinal cord
- which can cause local back pain, usually followed by gradual spinal cord
- dysfunction. These symptoms are often accompanied by muscle spasms, a
- general feeling of discomfort, backache, headache, loss of appetite
- (anorexia), numbness or tingling of legs. Eventually, loss of sensation may
- be severe, associated with sensorimotor paralysis below the level of the
- lesion, urinary retention, and loss of sexual function and/or bowel
- (sphincter) control. Myelitis patients exhibit thick, rough, dry skin below
- the spinal lesion, and tendon reflexes may be lost. The upper spinal
- (thoracic) area is often involved, causing abdominal paralysis. Eventually,
- there may be slight improvement depending on the cause. Myelitis can be an
- acute or chronic disease.
-
- Ascending Myelitis is marked by progression of paralysis and loss of
- sensation over time.
-
- In Transverse Myelitis, congestion or obstruction of blood vessels,
- swelling, cellular infiltration or loss, and loss of the fatty tissue around
- the nerves (demyelination) may be seen on examining the involved segment of
- the spinal cord.
-
- Disseminated Myelitis is characterized by more than one spinal cord
- lesion.
-
- Brown-Sequard Syndrome involves spinal cord compression and lesions
- associated with inflammation, injury, presence of foreign bodies, or
- Meningovascular Syphilis. Only half of the spinal cord is involved.
-
- Causes
-
- Although the cause of Myelitis is not known in many cases, it can be caused
- by viral infections, spinal cord injuries, immune reactions, or insufficient
- blood flow through the blood vessels in the spinal cord. It can occur as a
- complication of loss of nerve sheath tissue (demyelination) particularly in
- Optic Neuromyelitis or Multiple Sclerosis. It can also be a complication of
- reactions to Smallpox, Measles, or Chickenpox vaccinations. Myelitis can be
- a symptom of Neurovascular Syphilis or Acute Encephalomyelitis (inflammation
- of the brain and spinal cord). (For more information on any of these
- disorders, choose the appropriate name as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- Affected Population
-
- Myelitis can begin at any time of life. It affects males and females in
- equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Myelitis.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Spinal Stenosis is an uncommon form of Sciatica (disease of the sciatic
- nerve roots) which is characterized by severe pain in the lower back
- extending to the buttocks, thighs or calves. This pain is especially
- noticeable when walking, running or climbing stairs. Some limping or
- lameness may develop. Spinal Stenosis is often associated with spinal disk
- abnormalities usually following other illnesses or injuries. Pain may be
- somewhat relieved by resting, or in more severe cases surgery may be
- necessary. This disorder usually occurs in middle-aged or elderly persons.
- (For more information on this disorder, choose "Spinal Stenosis" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Cervical Spondylosis is a degenerative spinal disease in which disk
- spaces collapse followed by thickening of ligaments and bony over-development
- leading to nerve root compression and narrowing of the spinal canal.
- Intermittent neck pain may spread to the shoulders and arms, possibly
- limiting motion.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Corticosteroid drugs may be helpful treatment for spinal cord inflammation in
- Myelitis patients. Surgery may be necessary in some cases. Other treatment
- is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Experimental electric stimulation treatment is under investigation for
- treating some cases of Myelitis. The multiprogrammable spinal cord
- stimulator involves epidural spinal electrostimulation (ESES). This is an
- experimental medical device under evaluation for control of motor
- dysfunction. This device can be surgically implanted in the spine and may be
- of therapeutic benefit to patients with some types of Myelitis or Myelopathy
- as well as other neuromuscular disorders that do not respond to more
- conventional therapies. The goal is to increase the range of mobility while
- alleviating muscle spasms and pain.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Myelitis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Paraplegia Society
- 432 Park Avenue South
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 686-6770
-
- American Spinal Injury Association
- 250 E. Superior Street Room 619
- Chicago, IL 60611
- (312) 649-3425
-
- Spinal Cord Society
- 2410 Lakeview Drive
- Fergus Falls, MN 56537
-
- Spinal Cord Injury Hotline
- 2201 Argonne Drive
- Baltimore, MD 21218
- 24-Hour-Hotline 1-800-526-3456
- In Maryland, 1-800-638-1733
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- References
-
- ACUTE TRANSVERSE MYELOPATHY IN CHILDHOOD: K. Dunne, et al.; Dev Med Child
- Neurol (April 1986, issue 28(2)). Pp. 198-204.
-
- RECURRENT TRANSVERSE MYELITIS ASSOCIATED WITH COLLAGEN DISEASE: M
- Yamamato; J Neurol (June 1986, issue 233(3)). Pp. 185-187.
-
- EVOKED POTENTIALS IN ACUTE TRANSVERSE MYELOPATHY: C.H. Wulff; Dan Med
- Bull (October 1985, issue 32(5)). Pp. 282-286.
-
-